: Tensions stemmed from rapid demographic changes due to the transmigration program, economic competition, and cultural frictions.
The 2001 tragedy was preceded by several smaller clashes and major riots, such as the Sambas conflict in 1999. The 2001 Outbreak video asli perang sampit dayak vs madura top
After the 2001 tragedy, the government and community leaders launched a major reconciliation process. A key symbol of this effort is the , located at the Bundaran Balanga roundabout. : Tensions stemmed from rapid demographic changes due