The first layer of the text interrogates the definition of Dharma . In mainstream philosophy, Dharma implies cosmic order, moral duty, and universal righteousness. However, Bali argues that historical texts heavily tethered Dharma to Varna (the caste hierarchy).
हिन्दुइज़्म : धर्म या क्लंक? - CiNii Research Hinduism Dharma Ya Kalank Book
The core thesis of L.R. Bali’s work relies on a stark juxtaposition between theological ideals and lived social realities. While mainstream canonical texts celebrate Sanatana Dharma as a universal framework for moral order and cosmic harmony, Dharma ya Kalank? looks specifically at the structural mechanics of caste discrimination ( Varna Vyavastha ), untouchability, and the historical marginalisation of the Bahujan community. The first layer of the text interrogates the
Bali presents a sharp contrast between Dharma —which he argues should inherently promote universal ethics, truth, and human dignity—and the historical reality of the caste hierarchy ( Varna Vyavastha ), which he categorizes as an outright exploitation tool. Dharma implies cosmic order